American Civil War Header Civil War Border Clip Art
Bound To: Fort Sumter Attacked - Start Balderdash Run - Shiloh - 2d Bull Run - Antietam - Fredericksburg - Chancellorsville - Gettysburg - Chickamauga - Chattanooga - Common cold Harbor - March to the Body of water - Lee Surrenders - Lincoln Shot
Nov 6, 1860 - Abraham Lincoln, who had alleged "Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free..." is elected president, the first Republican, receiving 180 of 303 possible balloter votes and 40 percent of the popular vote.
December xx, 1860 - Southward Carolina secedes from the Wedlock. Followed within two months past Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas.
Auction and Negro sales, Atlanta, Georgia.
1861
February 9, 1861 - The Amalgamated States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and one-time U.S. Army officer, as president.
March iv, 1861 - Abraham Lincoln is sworn in equally sixteenthursday President of the Us of America.
Fort Sumter Attacked
April 12, 1861 - At 4:xxx a.grand. Confederates under Gen. Pierre Beauregard open burn with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Ceremonious War begins.
Fort Sumter afterward its capture, showing impairment from the Rebel bombardment of over 3000 shells and now flying the Insubordinate "Stars and Confined" - April 14, 1861.
April xv, 1861 - President Lincoln problems a Declaration calling for 75,000 militiamen, and summoning a special session of Congress for July four.
Robert Eastward. Lee, son of a Revolutionary State of war hero, and a 25 year distinguished veteran of the United States Ground forces and one-time Superintendent of West Point, is offered control of the Union Army. Lee declines.
April 17, 1861 - Virginia secedes from the Union, followed within five weeks by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, thus forming an eleven land Confederacy with a population of 9 million, including virtually 4 million slaves. The Matrimony volition soon take 21 states and a population of over 20 million.
Map of Allegiances of the States - 1861.
April 19, 1861 - President Lincoln issues a Proclamation of Blockade against Southern ports. For the duration of the war the blockade limits the ability of the rural S to stay well supplied in its war confronting the industrialized North.
April 20, 1861 - Robert Eastward. Lee resigns his committee in the Us Regular army. "I cannot raise my hand confronting my birthplace, my home, my children." Lee then goes to Richmond, Virginia, is offered command of the armed services and naval forces of Virginia, and accepts.
July 4, 1861 - Lincoln, in a speech to Congress, states the war is..."a People's contest...a struggle for maintaining in the world, that form, and substance of government, whose leading object is, to elevate the condition of men..." The Congress authorizes a call for 500,000 men.
Showtime Bull Run
July 21, 1861 - The Union Army under Gen. Irvin McDowell suffers a defeat at Bull Run 25 miles southwest of Washington. Confederate Gen. Thomas J. Jackson earns the nickname "Stonewall," as his brigade resists Union attacks. Union troops fall dorsum to Washington. President Lincoln realizes the state of war will be long. "It's damned bad," he comments.
Ruins of the Stone Bridge over which Northern forces retreated until information technology was blown upwardly by a Rebel shell calculation to the panic of the retreat, with the Federals returning to Washington as "a rain-soaked mob."
July 27, 1861 - President Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as Commander of the Department of the Potomac, replacing McDowell.
McClellan tells his wife, "I observe myself in a new and strange position hither: President, chiffonier, Gen. Scott, and all deferring to me. Past some strange operation of magic I seem to have get the power of the country."
September xi, 1861 - President Lincoln revokes Gen. John C. Frémont's unauthorized military declaration of emancipation in Missouri. Later on, the president relieves Gen. Frémont of his command and replaces him with Gen. David Hunter.
November 1, 1861 - President Lincoln appoints McClellan equally general-in-chief of all Wedlock forces after the resignation of the anile Winfield Scott. Lincoln tells McClellan, "...the supreme command of the Army will entail a vast labor upon y'all." McClellan responds, "I can do it all."
November 8, 1861 - The showtime of an international diplomatic crisis for President Lincoln as ii Confederate officials sailing toward England are seized by the U.S. Navy. England, the leading earth ability, demands their release, threatening war. Lincoln eventually gives in and orders their release in December. "One war at a time," Lincoln remarks.
1862
January 31, 1862 - President Lincoln bug General State of war Order No. 1 calling for all United States naval and land forces to begin a general advance by February 22, George Washington'due south altogether.
February 6, 1862 - Victory for Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in Tennessee, capturing Fort Henry, and ten days later Fort Donelson. Grant earns the nickname "Unconditional Give up" Grant.
February xx, 1862 - President Lincoln is struck with grief as his beloved eleven-year-sometime son, Willie, dies from fever, probably caused by polluted drinking water in the White Business firm.
March viii/9, 1862 - The Amalgamated Ironclad 'Merrimac' sinks two wooden Union ships then battles the Union Ironclad 'Monitor' to a depict. Naval warfare is thus changed forever, making wooden ships obsolete. Engraving of the Battle
The Monitor at dock, showing damage from the battle.
In March - The Peninsular Campaign begins as McClellan's Army of the Potomac advances from Washington downward the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay to the peninsular southward of the Amalgamated Capital letter of Richmond, Virginia then begins an accelerate toward Richmond.
President Lincoln temporarily relieves McClellan as general-in-primary and takes straight command of the Matrimony Armies.
Shiloh
Apr 6/7, 1862 - Amalgamated surprise set on on Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's unprepared troops at Shiloh on the Tennessee River results in a biting struggle with 13,000 Union killed and wounded and ten,000 Confederates, more men than in all previous American wars combined. The president is and then pressured to relieve Grant but resists. "I can't spare this human being; he fights," Lincoln says.
April 24, 1862 - 17 Union ships under the command of Flag Officer David Farragut move up the Mississippi River then have New Orleans, the South's greatest seaport. Later in the state of war, sailing through a Rebel mine field Farragut utters the famous phrase "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!"
May 31, 1862 - The Boxing of Seven Pines as Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's Regular army attacks McClellan's troops in front of Richmond and almost defeats them. Simply Johnston is desperately wounded.
June 1, 1862 - Gen. Robert East. Lee assumes command, replacing the wounded Johnston. Lee so renames his force the Army of Northern Virginia. McClellan is not impressed, saying Lee is "likely to be timid and irresolute in action."
June 25-July i - The Seven Days Battles as Lee attacks McClellan near Richmond, resulting in very heavy losses for both armies. McClellan then begins a withdrawal back toward Washington.
Young Georgia Private Edwin Jennison, killed in the Vii Days Battles at Malvern Hill - the face of a lost generation.
July 11, 1862 - After four months as his ain full general-in-master, President Lincoln hands over the task to Gen. Henry Due west. (Old Brains) Halleck.
Second Battle of Bull Run
August 29/30, 1862 - 75,000 Federals under Gen. John Pope are defeated by 55,000 Confederates under Gen. Stonewall Jackson and Gen. James Longstreet at the 2nd battle of Balderdash Run in northern Virginia. Once again the Marriage Army retreats to Washington. The president so relieves Pope.
September 4-9, 1862 - Lee invades the North with 50,000 Confederates and heads for Harpers Ferry, located l miles northwest of Washington.
The Union Army, xc,000 strong, nether the command of McClellan, pursues Lee.
Antietam
September 17, 1862 - The bloodiest twenty-four hour period in U.South. military history as Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Armies are stopped at Antietam in Maryland by McClellan and numerically superior Union forces. By nightfall 26,000 men are dead, wounded, or missing. Lee then withdraws to Virginia.
Confederate expressionless by the argue bordering Farmer Miller's 40 acre Cornfield at Antietam where the intense rifle and artillery fire cutting every corn stalk to the footing "every bit closely every bit could have been done with a pocketknife."
September 22, 1862 - Preliminary Emancipation Declaration freeing slaves issued by President Lincoln.
President Lincoln visits Gen. George McClellan at Antietam, Maryland - October, 1862
November 7, 1862 - The president replaces McClellan with Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside as the new Commander of the Ground forces of the Potomac. Lincoln had grown impatient with McClellan's slowness to follow up on the success at Antietam, fifty-fifty telling him, "If you don't want to use the army, I should similar to borrow information technology for a while."
Fredericksburg
December 13, 1862 - Army of the Potomac under Gen. Burnside suffers a costly defeat at Fredericksburg in Virginia with a loss of 12,653 men after 14 frontal assaults on well entrenched Rebels on Marye's Heights. "We might equally well take tried to take hell," a Wedlock soldier remarks. Confederate losses are 5,309.
"It is well that war is then terrible - we should grow too fond of it," states Lee during the fighting.
1863
Jan ane, 1863 - President Lincoln bug the final Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in territories held past Confederates and emphasizes the enlisting of black soldiers in the Union Army. The state of war to preserve the Marriage now becomes a revolutionary struggle for the abolitionism of slavery.
January 25, 1863 - The president appoints Gen. Joseph (Fighting Joe) Hooker as Commander of the Ground forces of the Potomac, replacing Burnside.
Jan 29, 1863 - Gen. Grant is placed in command of the Army of the West, with orders to capture Vicksburg.
March 3, 1863 - The U.Due south. Congress enacts a typhoon, affecting male citizens aged twenty to 45, but also exempts those who pay $300 or provide a substitute. "The blood of a poor man is equally precious as that of the wealthy," poor Northerners complain.
Chancellorsville
May 1-four, 1863 - The Wedlock Army nether Gen. Hooker is decisively defeated by Lee's much smaller forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia equally a effect of Lee's brilliant and daring tactics. Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded by his ain soldiers. Hooker retreats. Union losses are 17,000 killed, wounded and missing out of 130,000. The Confederates, 13, 000 out of 60,000.
"I just lost confidence in Joe Hooker," said Hooker afterward most his ain lack of nerve during the battle.
Confederate soldiers at the Sunken Road, killed during the fighting effectually Chancellorsville.
May x, 1863 - The S suffers a huge blow as Stonewall Jackson dies from his wounds, his terminal words, "Let us cross over the river and residuum nether the shade of the trees."
"I accept lost my correct arm," Lee laments.
June iii, 1863 - Gen. Lee with 75,000 Confederates launches his 2d invasion of the Due north, heading into Pennsylvania in a campaign that will soon lead to Gettysburg.
June 28, 1863 - President Lincoln appoints Gen. George G. Meade every bit commander of the Army of the Potomac, replacing Hooker. Meade is the fifth man to command the Regular army in less than a yr.
Gettysburg
July i-3, 1863 - The tide of war turns against the Southward every bit the Confederates are defeated at the Boxing of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania.
Read well-nigh the Boxing of Gettysburg - Battlefield Photos
Union soldiers on the Battlefield at Gettysburg.
July 4, 1863 - Vicksburg, the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River, surrenders to Gen. Grant and the Army of the Due west after a vi calendar week siege. With the Wedlock now in command of the Mississippi, the Confederacy is effectively separate in two, cut off from its western allies.
July 13-xvi, 1863 - Anti-draft riots in New York Urban center include arson and the murder of blacks by poor immigrant whites. At least 120 persons, including children, are killed and $2 meg in damage acquired, until Marriage soldiers returning from Gettysburg restore order.
July 18, 1863 - 'Negro troops' of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment nether Col. Robert G. Shaw attack fortified Rebels at Fort Wagner, South Carolina. Col. Shaw and half of the 600 men in the regiment are killed.
August x, 1863 - The president meets with abolitionist Frederick Douglass who pushes for full equality for Spousal relationship 'Negro troops.'
August 21, 1863 - At Lawrence, Kansas, pro-Confederate William C. Quantrill and 450 pro-slavery followers raid the town and butcher 182 boys and men.
Chickamauga
September 19/xx, 1863 - A decisive Confederate victory by Gen. Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee at Chickamauga leaves Gen. William S. Rosecrans' Union Regular army of the Cumberland trapped in Chattanooga, Tennessee under Confederate siege.
October 16, 1863 - The president appoints Gen. Grant to command all operations in the western theater.
Nov 19, 1863 - President Lincoln delivers a ii minute Gettysburg Address at a ceremony dedicating the Battleground equally a National Cemetery.
Page one of Gettysburg Address in Lincoln'due south handwriting
Folio two of Gettysburg Address in Lincoln's handwriting
Lincoln among the crowd at Gettysburg - Nov 19, 1863
Chattanooga
Nov 23-25, 1863 - The Insubordinate siege of Chattanooga ends as Union forces under Grant defeat the siege army of Gen. Braxton Bragg. During the battle, one of the nearly dramatic moments of the war occurs. Yelling "Chickamauga! Chickamauga!" Wedlock troops avenge their previous defeat at Chickamauga by storming up the face of Missionary Ridge without orders and sweep the Rebels from what had been though to be an impregnable position. "My God, come and see 'em run!" a Spousal relationship soldier cries.
1864
March nine, 1864 - President Lincoln appoints Gen. Grant to command all of the armies of the United States. Gen. William T. Sherman succeeds Grant as commander in the west.
May iv, 1864 - The first of a massive, coordinated campaign involving all the Union Armies. In Virginia, Grant with an Army of 120,000 begins advancing toward Richmond to engage Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, now numbering 64,000, showtime a war of attrition that will include major battles at the Wilderness (May v-6), Spotsylvania (May 8-12), and Common cold Harbor (June i-3).
In the westward, Sherman, with 100,000 men begins an advance toward Atlanta to appoint Joseph East. Johnston'due south 60,000 strong Army of Tennessee.
A council of war with Gen. Grant leaning over the shoulder of Gen. Meade looking at a map, planning the Cold Harbor attack.
Cold Harbor
June 3, 1864 - A costly mistake past Grant results in 7,000 Spousal relationship casualties in 20 minutes during an offensive against fortified Rebels at Cold Harbor in Virginia.
Many of the Union soldiers in the failed assault had predicted the outcome, including a dead soldier from Massachusetts whose terminal entry in his diary was, "June 3, 1864, Cold Harbor, Virginia. I was killed."
June 15, 1864 - Spousal relationship forces miss an opportunity to capture Petersburg and cut off the Confederate rail lines. As a issue, a nine month siege of Petersburg begins with Grant'south forces surrounding Lee.
The 13-inch Union mortar "Dictator" mounted on a railroad flatcar at Petersburg. Its 200-pound shells had a range of over 2 miles.
July 20, 1864 - At Atlanta, Sherman's forces boxing the Rebels at present under the control of Gen. John B. Hood, who replaced Johnston.
Baronial 29, 1864 - Democrats nominate George B. McClellan for president to run against Republican incumbent Abraham Lincoln.
September 2, 1864 - Atlanta is captured by Sherman's Army. "Atlanta is ours, and fairly won," Sherman telegraphs Lincoln. The victory greatly helps President Lincoln'due south bid for re-election.
October 19, 1864 - A decisive Wedlock victory by Cavalry Gen. Philip H. Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley over Jubal Early's troops.
Nov 8, 1864 - Abraham Lincoln is re-elected president, defeating Democrat George B. McClellan. Lincoln carries all simply three states with 55 pct of the popular vote and 212 of 233 balloter votes. "I earnestly believe that the consequences of this day'due south work volition be to the lasting advantage, if non the very salvation, of the country," Lincoln tells supporters.
March to the Sea
Nov 15, 1864 - After destroying Atlanta's warehouses and railroad facilities, Sherman, with 62,000 men begins a March to the Body of water. President Lincoln on advice from Grant approved the idea. "I can make Georgia howl!" Sherman boasts.
December fifteen/xvi, 1864 - Hood'due south Rebel Army of 23,000 is crushed at Nashville by 55,000 Federals including Negro troops under Gen. George H. Thomas. The Confederate Army of Tennessee ceases as an constructive fighting force.
December 21, 1864 - Sherman reaches Savannah in Georgia leaving backside a 300 mile long path of destruction threescore miles broad all the mode from Atlanta. Sherman so telegraphs Lincoln, offer him Savannah as a Christmas present.
1865
January 31, 1865 - The U.S. Congress approves the Thirteenth Amendment to the The states Constitution, to abolish slavery. The amendment is and then submitted to the states for ratification.
February 3, 1865 - A peace briefing occurs as President Lincoln meets with Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens at Hampton Roads in Virginia, but the meeting ends in failure - the war will continue.
Only Lee's Army at Petersburg and Johnston's forces in North Carolina remain to fight for the South against Northern forces now numbering 280,000 men.
March iv, 1865 - Inauguration ceremonies for President Lincoln in Washington. "With malice toward none; with clemency for all...let united states of america strive on to finish the work we are in...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations," Lincoln says.
March 25, 1865 - The last offensive for Lee's Ground forces of Northern Virginia begins with an assault on the heart of Grant's forces at Petersburg. Iv hours after the assault is cleaved.
At Petersburg, Virginia, well supplied Wedlock soldiers shown before Grant'south leap offensive.
April two, 1865 - Grant'south forces begin a general accelerate and break through Lee'southward lines at Petersburg. Amalgamated Gen. Ambrose P. Hill is killed. Lee evacuates Petersburg. The Confederate Upper-case letter, Richmond, is evacuated. Fires and looting break out. The next 24-hour interval, Union troops enter and raise the Stars and Stripes.
A Confederate male child, age 14, lies dead in the trenches of Fort Mahone at Petersburg.
Apr four, 1865 - President Lincoln tours Richmond where he enters the Amalgamated White House. With "a serious, dreamy expression," he sits at the desk of Jefferson Davis for a few moments.
Lee Surrenders
April 9, 1865 - Gen. Robert Eastward. Lee surrenders his Confederate Army to Gen. Ulysses South. Grant at the hamlet of Appomattox Courtroom House in Virginia. Grant allows Insubordinate officers to keep their sidearms and permits soldiers to keep horses and mules.
"After four years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources," Lee tells his troops.
General Lee surrendered in the parlor of this house.
Lee posed for this photo by Mathew Brady before long after the surrender.
April 10, 1865 - Celebrations break out in Washington.
Terminal portrait of a state of war weary president - Apr x, 1865
Lincoln Shot
April 14, 1865 - The Stars and Stripes is ceremoniously raised over Fort Sumter. That night, Lincoln and his wife Mary see the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater. At 10:13 p.chiliad., during the third deed of the play, John Wilkes Berth shoots the president in the head. Doctors nourish to the president in the theater then move him to a firm across the street. He never regains consciousness.
April xv, 1865 - President Abraham Lincoln dies at 7:22 in the morning. Vice President Andrew Johnson assumes the presidency.
Apr 18, 1865 - Confederate Gen. Joseph Eastward. Johnston surrenders to Sherman near Durham in North Carolina.
Funeral Procession on Pennsylvania Ave. - April xix, 1865
Apr 26, 1865 - John Wilkes Booth is shot and killed in a tobacco barn in Virginia.
May 4, 1865 - Abraham Lincoln is laid to rest in Oak Ridge Cemetery, outside Springfield, Illinois.
In May - Remaining Amalgamated forces surrender. The Nation is reunited as the Ceremonious War ends. Over 620,000 Americans died in the war, with disease killing twice every bit many as those lost in battle. 50,000 survivors render home every bit amputees.
A victory parade is held in Washington along Pennsylvania Ave. to aid heave the Nation'due south morale - May 23/24, 1865.
December 6, 1865 - The Thirteenth Amendment to the The states Constitution, passed past Congress on January 31, 1865, is finally ratified. Slavery is abolished.
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